In June 2021, China enacted its first Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law (“AFSL”). The AFSL aims to deter foreign parties from implementing or assisting in the implementation of sanctions against Chinese…
Investor-State arbitration (“ISA”) has been criticised for giving investors room to pressure host states. While most ISA cases proceeded all the way to the issuance of arbitral awards, around one-…
On February 13, 2026, the Paraguayan Court of Appeals, Second Chamber, issued a ruling in Rieder v. Renault (Decision No. 48/2026) that has been praised by the Paraguayan arbitral community for…
In the appeal no. 1129029-43.2024.8.26.0100, judged on November 18, 2025, the São Paulo Appellate Court (TJSP), the largest in Latin America, rendered a decision that disrespects the independence of…
On 1 January 2026, a new Code of Civil Procedure («Кодекс гражданского судопроизводства» in Russian) (the “Code”) came into force in Belarus. The Code represents a unified set of rules for both civil…
b-Arbitra is the Belgian Review of Arbitration, issued biannually, with publication of judgments, notes and commentaries on arbitration related topics.In edition 2025/2, readers will find a selection…
On 14 January 2026, the French Senate adopted a Bill (Proposition de loi relative à la confidentialité des consultations des juristes d’entreprise) introducing a statutory regime of confidentiality…
After more than two decades under Law No. 1879/2002, Paraguay has enacted Law No. 7561/2025 to reform its arbitration regime. The updated framework remains closely aligned with the United Nations…
Investment treaties are necessarily incomplete. Not every contingency can be anticipated, and silence is an inherent feature rather than a defect. Some omissions are more relevant than others. There…
Bulgaria’s arbitration law underwent a significant transformation on 1 August 2025. The amendments – accompanied by a change of name from the International Commercial Arbitration Act to the broader…
