In July, the European Commission issued its non-compliance decision against gatekeeper Google for its breach of the self-preferencing prohibition under Article 6(5) DMA. It was not until September…
Background: extraterritorial reach of FSRThe European Union’s (EU) Foreign Subsidies Regulation 2022/2560 (FSR), in force since 2023, enables the European Commission to investigate financial…
The European Commission (EC) has adopted its final Guidelines on exclusionary conduct by dominant companies (final Guidelines). The final Guidelines mark the culmination of a two-year process that…
A few days ago, Apple announced that it would be introducing changes to its apps in the European Union, “following close collaboration with the European Commission (… to) resolve Apple’s…
AbstractThis piece analyses the European Commission's Specification Decision on Alphabet’s implementation of Article 6(7) DMA, which mandates vertical interoperability between Google’s Android…
When a media company acquires a rival, the stakes go well beyond market shares and pricing. Media is not just another sector: it shapes public opinion, enables participation in democratic life, and…
The provisional public version of the Commission’s decision in ADNOC/Covestro adds another building block to the FSR playbook. The Decision shows how much weight the list of the “most likely…
Under the European Union’s (EU’s) Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR), the European Commission (the Commission) can block a merger if it finds that foreign (meaning non-EU) subsidies “distort the [EU]…
On 9 January 2026, the Commission adopted its Guidelines on the application of certain provisions of the Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR). This publication follows the publication of the Draft…
