terms of reference

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On 1 June 2026, the ICC's newly revised Arbitration Rules (the “Rules”) entered into force. They constitute a far-reaching overhaul of the ICC’s arbitration framework. The Terms of Reference are…

What are Terms of Reference in the ICC Rules of Arbitration, and what are they for? Article 23(1) of the 2017 ICC Rules provides "As soon as it has received the file [of a new dispute] from the…