Courts throughout Europe increasingly adopt a minimum damages approach in antitrust cases, unanimously presuming at least a 5% overcharge, driven by grounds of compensation, effectiveness and…
The Spanish Competition Authority (CNMC) has approved the creation of a joint venture for the manufacture and commercialisation of ready-mix concrete in phase I, subject to commitments (C/1586/25…
IntroductionPlatforms such as Meta Platforms Ireland Limited (hereinafter, "META"), YouTube and Alphabet Inc. have developed commercial strategies whose value depends directly on the creation of…
On 16 October 2025, Commercial Court No. 14 of Madrid delivered a judgment[1] of notable relevance in the well-known Spanish Dairy Cartel case. The decision, issued by Judge Ms Carmen González Suárez…
In recent years, hub and spoke practices have been a hot topic for competition authorities all around the world. In Spain, the National Commission on Markets and Competition (the “CNMC”) recently…
