The DMA promised a single approach to digital markets throughout the EU, to enhance effectiveness and reduce regulatory burden. Three years after its entry into force, these objectives are under…
The Stuttgart Court of Appeal has added a new chapter to German cartel damages case law with its recent bathroom fittings judgment. Relying on Courts’ statutory power to estimate damages the court…
Private enforcement of the Digital Markets Act (DMA) is now a reality, and the judgment of the Regional Court of Mainz (Case 12 HK O 32/24) in the 1&1 Mail & Media/Google (Gmail) case, delivered on…
On 23 May 2025, the Higher Regional Court of Cologne dismissed an application for an interim injunction filed by the German consumer association Verbraucherzentrale NRW against Meta’s planned use of…
On June 4, 2019, the Düsseldorf Court of Appeal quashed the decision of the Federal Cartel Office (“FCO”) prohibiting Booking.com to operate so-called narrow most favored nation (MFN) clauses (or…
