Under the European Union’s (EU’s) Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR), the European Commission (the Commission) can block a merger if it finds that foreign (meaning non-EU) subsidies “distort the [EU…
In 2025, the Tribunal of the CADE had a busy year. According to official data from the authority’s public statistics platform (Cade em Números), the Tribunal reviewed 843 merger filings, decided 29…
In Denmark, the (Danish) Competition Council is the principal authority responsible for enforcing the Danish Competition Act, whereas the (Danish) Competition and Consumer Authority handles day-to-…
IntroductionIreland’s national competition authority, the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (“CCPC”), has recently increased scrutiny of mergers using Assessments (i.e. a Statement of…
Introduction2025 was a year in which the enforcement activity of the Italian Competition Authority (AGCM) was marked more by continuity than by rupture.Attention to “classic” infringements remained…
Courts throughout Europe increasingly adopt a minimum damages approach in antitrust cases, unanimously presuming at least a 5% overcharge, driven by grounds of compensation, effectiveness and…
The Supreme Court Judgment STS 5861/2025 of 18 December 2025 represents a significant exception from the general approach of the Supreme Court to award a 5% overcharge in cases relating to the trucks…
Overview2025 proved to be another active year in the field of competition law and policy in Cyprus. The Commission for the Protection of Competition (CPC) maintained an assertive enforcement stance…
2025 marked a year of intensified enforcement and expanding regulatory scope for Turkish competition law. The TCA maintained robust action against resale price maintenance whilst significantly…
2025 has brought substantial developments in regulatory M&A provisions across national regimes in the Middle East and Noth Africa (MENA) Region. The UAE started enforcing their revised merger…
