On 23 May 2025, the Higher Regional Court of Cologne dismissed an application for an interim injunction filed by the German consumer association Verbraucherzentrale NRW against Meta’s planned use of…
The Digital Markets Act (DMA) became entirely applicable on 7 March 2024 for most gatekeepers. By then, the gatekeepers issued their compliance reports documenting their technical solutions and…
The Digital Markets Act (DMA) became entirely applicable on 7 March 2024 for most gatekeepers. By then, the gatekeepers issued their compliance reports documenting their technical solutions and…
The Digital Markets Act (DMA) became entirely applicable on 7 March 2024 for most gatekeepers. By then, the gatekeepers issued their compliance reports documenting their technical solutions and…
The Digital Markets Act (DMA) became entirely applicable on 7 March 2024 for most gatekeepers. By then, the gatekeepers issued their compliance reports documenting their technical solutions and…
Just two years into the implementation of the EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR), financial institutions are already experiencing its significant impact. The Regulation’s broad scope, extensive…
On May 20th 2025, the European Commission and the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) announced that they had agreed on a competition cooperation agreement (the Agreement). Their…
Cloud services have rapidly established themselves as a crucial resource for numerous economic operators globally, including those operating within the UK economy. Each year more and more businesses…
I. Executive SummaryThe opinion delivered on 12 June 2025 by Advocate General Maciej Szpunar ("AG") before the European Court of Justice ("ECJ") in Case C-286/24 Meliá Hotels International v…
Competition enforcers have, over the last few years, peppered their reports with references to ‘ecosystems’. However, until CADE’s recent decision on the Apple case, it was no more than jargon.…
