In 2025, the Belgian Competition Authority (“BCA”) made many headlines. It pushed through commitments in the banking and agrifood sectors, imposed one of the first fines for anticompetitive category…
Introduction and summaryWith 2025 now concluded, it is an opportune moment to reflect on the main developments of the past year in Swedish competition law. Several trends from recent years have…
Romania's competition landscape in 2025 was shaped by two parallel dynamics, an assertive enforcement agenda and a deliberate push to modernise the legal framework ahead of OECD accession.As such,…
Peruvian competition law and policy proved relatively quiet in 2025, especially compared with the turbulence of recent years. The calm cut both ways. On the positive side, the year brought…
Years go by and, yet, not much has changed since last year. 2024 annual post started with stating that it was a record 15th anniversary for the French Competition Authority (“FCA”) (Main Developments…
The year 2025 marked a dynamic and period of important developments in Bulgarian competition law and policy, characterised by notable legislative reforms and enhanced enforcement activity. The most…
2025 can be characterised as the year in which Estonia’s competition enforcement system finally reached the end of its transitional phase. With the ECN+‑related amendments now fully in force,…
On-site inspections conducted by the Turkish Competition Authority (“TCA”) have long been among the most powerful investigative tools in competition enforcement, and one of the most debated. The…
2025 was a handoff year for American antitrust. Would “MAGA Antitrust” embrace Biden’s populist direction or dismantle it?On one hand, new leadership rejected Biden-era regulatory ambitions. “…
This past year marks the end of a multi-year series of transformative amendments to Canada’s Competition Act (Act). The most recent suite of amendments came into force in June 2025, ushering in a new…
