The right to conduct unannounced inspections — the perquisition du matin, to borrow the French expression that found its way into the Strasbourg lexicon — is simultaneously competition enforcement’s…
– On a Federal Court of Justice acting in self-defence, a legislature conspicuous by its absence, and the quiet decline of Germany as a forum for justice –There are judgments that decide the law. And…
Foreign state-owned enterprises winning European public tenders with subsidies — undercutting fair competitors? This is precisely what the EU seeks to prevent. Regulation (EU) 2022/2560 on foreign…
I. IntroductionThe Czech Competition Authority ("CCA") has released the long-anticipated draft amendment to Act No. 143/2001 Coll., on the Protection of Competition (the "Competition Act"). The…
On-site inspections conducted by the Turkish Competition Authority (“TCA”) have long been among the most powerful investigative tools in competition enforcement, and one of the most debated. The…
Significant amendments to the Bulgarian Competition Protection Act ("CPA") have recently entered into force, marking a substantial evolution in the country's competition law framework. These reforms…
Legal presumptions play an important role in competition enforcement. They can translate decades of judicial experience and economic learning into workable, practical tools for efficient enforcement…
Google’s ‘Be Evil’ transformation (if not merely a narrative) and the antitrust efforts to avenge it (if not exact revenge) are no longer novel. Most notably, following Judge Amit P. Mehta’s historic…
The UK’s withdrawal from the European Union put European competition policy in a somewhat awkward state. The schism left EU and UK competition law as geographical neighbours and almost identical…
