A few recent infrastructure projects have carried the symbolic and economic weight of the Panama Canal Expansion. Approved by national referendum in 2006, the Third Set of Locks Project (“TSLP…
In the 2022 case of Omega Engineering LLC and Oscar Rivera v. Republic of Panama (ICSID Case No. ARB/16/42), the Tribunal faced the challenge of distinguishing between a state’s sovereign acts and…
Investment treaty arbitration tribunals have addressed issues surrounding State intervention and States’ regulatory freedom time and time again, consequently creating guiding precedent regarding…