While the European Union and its Member States are still assessing whether to introduce a mechanism to review outbound investment for economic security reasons, the Netherlands appears to be ahead of…
When I first began teaching international economic law subjects to law students, the use of the Internet was just beginning to gain global traction. Today, some decades later, both the legal and…
In August 2024, resolving a district split, the US Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit (“DC Circuit”) set a significant precedent in NextEra Energy Global Holdings BV v. Kingdom of Spain, ruling that…
In Junefield Gold v Ecuador, the Tribunal’s Majority recently issued a partial award on jurisdiction (“Award”) under Article 9(3) of the China-Ecuador BIT, finding that it has jurisdiction to…
During the last decade, there has been significant debate about whether investors holding the nationality of the host State may bring an investment treaty claim invoking the nationality of another…
On 19 August 2024, a UNCITRAL tribunal rendered a Final Award in the dispute Alicia Grace et al. v. Mexico, concerning a series of contracts between Pemex, the Mexican State-owned oil enterprise, and…
In a unanimous decision issued on 9 July 2025, the Portuguese Supreme Court of Justice ("STJ") declined to overturn a lower court’s ruling of February 2025 that recognised a 2014 ICSID arbitral award…
When I first proposed a new course, “International Economic Dispute Resolution: Law and Politics”, for the LLM in International Economic Law stream at the City University of Hong Kong, I was excited…
The Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) ruled in Komstroy (C-741/19, Sept., 2021) that the dispute resolution mechanism of the 1994 Energy Charter Treaty (“ECT”) does not apply to intra…
